Update: Apple says the security vulnerability has been fixed in the beta versions of the next software updates to iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS. These releases are expected this month (based on Apple Watch scheduled to gain Apple Music streaming in watchOS 4.1 in October.)
WPA2 – the encryption standard that secures all modern wifi networks – has been cracked. An attacker could now read all information passing over any wifi network secured by WPA2, which is most routers, both public and private.
While WEP networks are easy to crack, most easy techniques to crack WPA and WPA2 encrypted Wi-Fi rely on the password being bad or having the processing power to churn through enough results to make brute-forcing a practical approach.
It is now easier than ever to crack any Wi-Fi password hacking. Wi-Fi password hacker for PC 2017 is the latest development in the industry. It is very easy to access any Wi-Fi just with a click of a button.
Android and Linux are particularly vulnerable, being described as ‘trivial’ to attack, but all other platforms are vulnerable too, including iOS and macOS …
KisMAC is a well-regarded Mac OSX WiFi “stumbler”, with the ability to not only log nearby WiFi Access Points, but their MAC Address (BSSID), their Encoding Type (WEP, WPA or WPA2), and the 4-Way “Handshake” to decode the AP’s password.
The flaw in WPA2 was discovered by Mathy Vanhoef, a postdoc security researcher in the computer science department of the Belgian university KU Leuven.
We discovered serious weaknesses in WPA2, a protocol that secures all modern protected Wi-Fi networks […] Attackers can use this novel attack technique to read information that was previously assumed to be safely encrypted. This can be abused to steal sensitive information such as credit card numbers, passwords, chat messages, emails, photos, and so on. The attack works against all modern protected Wi-Fi networks […]
The weaknesses are in the Wi-Fi standard itself, and not in individual products or implementations. Therefore, any correct implementation of WPA2 is likely affected […] If your device supports Wi-Fi, it is most likely affected. During our initial research, we discovered ourselves that Android, Linux, Apple, Windows, OpenBSD, MediaTek, Linksys, and others, are all affected by some variant of the attacks
A proof of concept shows an attack against an Android smartphone, as devices running Android 6.0 or higher are especially vulnerable. In addition to allowing data to be decrypted, they can also be easily fooled into resetting the encryption key to all zeroes.
However, Vanhoef emphasizes that all platforms are vulnerable, and that although attacking Macs proved a tougher challenge initially, he has since found a much easier way to do it.
We can take some comfort from the fact that the attack only decrypts data encrypted by the wifi connection itself. If you are accessing a secure website, that data will still be encrypted by the HTTPS protocol. However, there are separate attacks against HTTPS that could be employed.
The attack works by exploiting the comms that goes on when a device joins a wifi network. There is a 4-step process used to confirm first that the device is using the correct password for the wifi router, and then to agree an encryption key that will be used for all the data sent between them during the connection.
In a key reinstallation attack, the adversary tricks a victim into reinstalling an already-in-use key. This is achieved by manipulating and replaying cryptographic handshake messages. When the victim reinstalls the key, associated parameters such as the incremental transmit packet number (i.e. nonce) and receive packet number (i.e. replay counter) are reset to their initial value. Essentially, to guarantee security, a key should only be installed and used once. Unfortunately, we found this is not guaranteed by the WPA2 protocol. By manipulating cryptographic handshakes, we can abuse this weakness in practice.
The practical implication of this is, if you know any of the contents of the data that have been sent between the device and the router, you can use that known data to work out the encryption key. As Vanhoef points out, there is almost always going to be known data being passed at some point, so you have to assume that the encryption can always be cracked. Even if you don’t know any of the content, a sufficient volume of English text would be enough to break the encryption.
With Android and Linux, an attacker doesn’t even have to do that much work: the attacker can simply reset the encryption key.
The good news is that Vanhoef says that WPA2 can be patched to block the attack, and the patch will be backward compatible. Once a patch is available for your router, you should update the firmware without delay.
The Wi-Fi Alliance has issued a security advisory thanking Vanhoef for his work, stating that it is aware of the issue and that major platform providers have already started deploying patches. It says there is no evidence that the attack has been used in the wild, though the research paper notes that such attacks would be difficult to detect.
FTC: We use income earning auto affiliate links.More.
by hash3liZer . 10 August 2018
Find Wpa2 Password Mac
Lately, a new pattern is discovered in WPA/WPA2 protocols to crack the WPA key passphrase which uses an alternative key to that of 4-way handshake. This new attack uses an identifier key named PMKID in place of MIC which is supplied in the first packet of 4-way handshake. So, this new technique made the WPA cracking more effective and easier than ever before.
The 4-way handshake is in itself dependent on it's 4 frames to compute the hashed key. So, in order to crack the WPA/WPA2 key, we require a complete WPA handshake to crack the password. But with this vulnerability discovered by Jen Steube we are no longer dependent on deauthentication frames, clients etc. Now, we are better able to crack the key by initiating an authentication process with the access point. Let's see.
Here's how the Pairwise Master Key ID (PMKID) is computed. Basically, it's the concatenation of PMK key, PMK secret key, MAC of AP and MAC of STA.
While in this case, the computing process is rather simple. The former method of cracking requires a valid handshake, comprised of at least the first two EAPOL messages to compute the MIC code which then has to be matched at second or fourth frame (relatively different concepts). Here's the python version of the previous method:
Prerequisities
Let's make it up. You would need a Kali Machine and wireless Card that supports packet injection and monitor mode. Tested with Alpha from TP-Link, worked fine. A vulnerable WPA2 router. Here's a picture of EAPOL from a vulnerable router:
STEP 1
Setup environment.
Put your wireless card in monitor mode:
Next thing is, we need some tools from github. The list is:
hashcat >= 4.2.0
hcxtools
hcxdumptool
Installation:
Update the environment first and install the dependencies:
If you are on Kali, hastcat would already be in repository packages. You would need to first uninstall it and then install the latest version from github:
Then make sure, you have the version >= 4.2.0 by using the command:
Now, clone hcxtools from github and compile the binaries:
Then at last, clone hcxdumptool and compile the binaries:
STEP 2
Get the PMKID
This step is about collecting the PMKID. Compile a list of your targets. Scan your area with airodump:
Now, create a list of your targets by writing the MAC address of target to a file:
Then start hcxdumptool:
This will try to make the AP transmit the first EAPOL frame which then will be used to acquire the PMKID from the RSN element layer. Just keep it running until you get the message that PMKID is captured. Here's what it would look like:
How To Crack Wpa2 Password With Kali Linux
STEP 3
Get the PMKID hash
As of now, we have the captured file. Now, we need to extract the PMKID hash from the capturefile.cap. Use hcxpcaptool for this:
Output:
Now, check the added hashes:
What Is A Wpa2 Password
STEP 4
Wpa2 Password Macbook Air
Crack the Code
We have the PMKID hash. All we need now is to crack it down using hashcat. Now, run the hashcat with the following syntax:
This would start cracking the password. A successful attack would go like this:
Conclusion
Crack Wpa2 Password On Mac
WPA key passphrase can be cracked using PMKID which is located in the first packet of 4-way handshake. The first packet of 4-way handshake is basically sent by the WiFi or Access Point which contains some random keys to encrypt data and also contains the required PMKID key. A user just have to initiate a connection with the Access Point which in turn will sent the first EAPOL message to the client and the client just have to sniff that and start the cracking process.